Early Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Pathology in Urban Children: Friend versus Foe Responses—It Is Time to Face the Evidence
نویسندگان
چکیده
Chronic exposure to particulate matter air pollution is known to cause inflammation leading to respiratory- and cardiovascular-related sickness and death. Mexico City Metropolitan Area children exhibit an early brain imbalance in genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Early dysregulated neuroinflammation, brain microvascular damage, production of potent vasoconstrictors, and perturbations in the integrity of the neurovascular unit likely contribute to progressive neurodegenerative processes. The accumulation of misfolded proteins coincides with the anatomical distribution observed in the early stages of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We contend misfolding of hyperphosphorylated tau (HPπ), alpha-synuclein, and beta-amyloid could represent a compensatory early protective response to the sustained systemic and brain inflammation. However, we favor the view that the chronic systemic and brain dysregulated inflammation and the diffuse vascular damage contribute to the establishment of neurodegenerative processes with childhood clinical manifestations. Friend turns Foe early; therefore, implementation of neuroprotective measures to ameliorate or stop the inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes is warranted in exposed children. Epidemiological, cognitive, structural, and functional neuroimaging and mechanistic studies into the association between air pollution exposures and the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in children are of pressing importance for public health.
منابع مشابه
Kant: Friend or Foe of the Believer? Plantinga and Other American Christian Responses to Kant's Epistemology
متن کامل
Apocrine Metaplasia in Intraductal Papilloma with Foci of DCIS: A Friend or Foe?
Malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast comprise a number of microscopically distinct lesions, where apocrine metaplasia is commonly found in papillomas compared to other papillary lesions including papillary carcinomas. However, association of apocrine metaplasia in papilloma with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is not very well defined. The lesions with apocrine metaplasia are not only di...
متن کاملReview: microglia in protein aggregation disorders: friend or foe?
Microglia cells have been implicated, to some extent, in the pathogenesis of all of the common neurodegenerative disorders involving protein aggregation such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. However, the precise role they play in the development of the pathologies remains unclear and it seems that they contribute to the pathological process in diffe...
متن کاملبررسی شیوع ناتوانی و عوامل خطر آن در سالمندان شهر اصفهان در سال ۱۳۹۰
Objectives: Due to the increasing elderly population in the country, this study was conducted to determine the level of disability and associated factors, in order to plan for the prevention of disability and reduce the effects of aging. Methods & Materials: This study was conducted through cross-sectional, descriptive analysis and cluster sampling method among 300 patients aged 60 years and...
متن کاملNeuroprotective effect of caffeine in an early model of Parkinson's disease in rat: behavioral and histochemical evidence
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1 to 3% of individuals over the age of 65 years. Both retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse association between coffee consumption and PD. This study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of caffeine in an early model of PD. For this purpo...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2013 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013